Histological Analysis of Gills and Liver of Tor Tambroides Bleeker, 1854 in Air Dingin River, Padang City

Abstract

Air Dingin River in Padang City is an important aquatic ecosystem that serves as a habitat for freshwater biota and a source of raw water for the community. Anthropogenic activities around the river have the potential to reduce water quality and impact aquatic organisms. This study aims to analyze the histological description of the gills and liver of Tor tambroides Bleeker, 1854 in the waters of the Air Dingin River, Padang City. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Sampling was carried out at three locations, namely the upper reaches of the river, the area around the PDAM intake, and the lower reaches of the river. The samples consisted of three individuals of garing fish at each point. The gill and liver organs were fixed using Bouin's solution, then histological preparations were made using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining. The water quality parameters measured included temperature and pH. The results showed that histological changes were found in the gills and liver, including hyperplasia, lamella fusion, distortion, epithelial lifting, and edema in the gills, as well as hepatocyte degradation, sinusoid dilation, and vacuolar degeneration in the liver. The level of tissue damage at all locations was classified as mild (<25%), with the highest value found at point 3. Water quality parameters were still within the tolerance range for fish life, but showed signs of environmental pressure.