Microclimate and Structure of Tree Community in the Parak Ecosystem in Maninjau West Sumatra

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the microclimate conditions within Parak ecosystems around Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra, focusing on the relationship between tree community structure and microclimatic parameters, including light intensity, air temperature, and relative humidity. Data collection was conducted using a purposive sampling method across four research plots representing variations in vegetation structure. The results showed an average tree density of 630 trees/ha with a canopy cover of 64.86%. Microclimate parameters varied significantly between plots and measurement times. Light intensity was highest in SUDM (open canopy) at 4122.27 lux during the day, and lowest in SBDM (dense canopy) at 262.73 lux in the morning. Air temperature was more stable in plots with dense canopies (SBDM: 22.4°C in the morning; 25.9°C at noon) compared to open plots (SUDM: 26.9°C in the afternoon). Meanwhile, the highest relative humidity was found in SBDM (97.8% in the morning; 88.7% in the afternoon), which is indicated as a result of minimal evaporation. Overall, a dense stand structure, characterized by high density and wide canopy cover, significantly reduced light intensity, stabilized temperature, and maintained humidity. These findings support the development of vegetation-structure-based management strategies for Parak ecosystems to optimize ecological and economic productivity.